Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions
- it is a generalization of mole conversions to chemical reactions
- understanding the types of chemical reactions is the foundation of stoichiometry

6 types of reactions
1) synthesis
2) decomposition
3) single replacement
4) double replacement
5) neutralization
6) combustion

Synthesis
- A + B = AB
- usually elements -> compounds
ex 2Al + 3F2 -> 2AlF3
     4K + O2   -> 2K2O
     CoCl + 6H2O -> CoCl2 * 6H2O
     2SO2 + O2 -> 2SO3


Decomposition
- AB -> A + B
- Reverse of Synthesis
  - Always assume the compounds decompose into elements during decomposition unless told different
ex 4H3PO4 -> 6H2 + P4 + 8O2
     Mn(C2O4)2 - > Mn + 4C + 4O2
     2C12H22O11 - > 24C + 22H2 + 11O2


Single Replacement
- A + BC -> B + AC
ex Ca + 2KCl -> 2K + CaCl2
     3Mg + 2Al(NO3)3 -> 2Al + 3Mg(NO3)2


Double Replacement
- AB + CD -> AD + CB
ex MgCl2 + K2SO4 -> MgSO4 + KCl
     Mn(ClO4)4 + 2CaCO3 -> Mn(CO3)2 + 2Ca(ClO4)2


Neutralization
- Reaction between an acid and a base
ex H2SO4 + 2KOH -> 2H2O + K2SO4
     3Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 -> 6H2O + Ca3(PO4)2


Combustion
- Reactions of something (usually hydrocarbon) with air
- Hydrocarbon combustion always produces CO2 and H2O
ex CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
     2C8H18 + 25O2 -> 16CO2 + 18H2O
     2C11H23OH + 33O2 -> 22CO2 + 24H2O

- JanCarlo Paysan